This question has puzzled both believers and non-believers alike for many years because in our world, everything we know has a beginning and an end. It is the recognition of both a beginning and end, which identify time, and which demonstrates Einstein's theory of general relativity, which says "time" itself is linked to matter and space.
What we know cosmologically is that everything, which has a beginning, has a cause, and since the universe has a beginning, it therefore has a cause.1 No effect can be greater than its cause. "From nothing, nothing comes!" The problem many physicists have is that if the universe needs a cause, than they assume it's creator would also need a cause. However, since the creator is not governed by the laws of time, He therefore had no beginning, and if He had no beginning, He therefore wouldn't need a cause to produce His very existence.
In proving His existence however, we can easily do so by applying the very basic law of Cause and Effect. This law tells us that all things, which have a beginning, must exist as the result of a Cause. There must therefore be a First Cause of all things, which has at the very least, all the characteristics which are seen in the universe which has been produced by Him.
Based on this premise, let's consider the factor of "characteristics:
a. The First Cause must have intelligence, because there are intelligent beings in the universe, and the universe itself is intelligible, capable of being studied and described intelligently. Therefore such a Cause must contain a high-degree of intelligence to practically be called omniscient (all-knowing).
b. The First Cause must have emotional attributes, since such things as emotions are surely present in the world. The highest valued emotion is that of love, and thus the Cause of love must itself be One who possesses love in a very high degree.
c. The First Cause must possess a "will" and since it did not produce itself, the great First Cause must also possess a sovereign will.
d. The First Cause must possess enormous reservoirs of power and energy such as we recognize across our vast universe which is comprised of numerous planets, stars, and inconceivable distances. The original Cause itself must therefore comprise even more power and, as far as we can judge, be omnipotent (all-powerful). Since our scientific studies have been unable to place finite limits on either space or time, their original Cause surely must be both omni-present and eternal as well.
e. Since moral and spiritual realities are not self-produced and since all men are aware of such entities, it is certain that the First Cause must be both moral and spiritual in an exceedingly high degree. This moral consciousness can be explained only in terms of a great First Cause with a moral consciousness.
We can therefore conclude that the First Cause must almost certainly be One who is loving and righteous, omnipotent, omnipresent, omniscient, and eternal. The Cause is therefore a great Person, and is exactly the characteristics of the God of the Bible.
Since the discovery of Einsteins relativity theory, time itself would have begun along with matter and space. Since God created everything, He is therefore the creator of time, matter and space and therefore, He is not limited by the dimension of time for which He created; He has no beginning in the dimensions of time and therefore He doesn't have a cause.
We can offer evidence to the argument the universe did in fact have a beginning by the examination of the laws of thermodynamics. These are the most fundamental of the physical science laws and are identified as follows:
1st Law: The total amount of mass-energy in the universe is constant. Thus, it confirms the universe is not creating itself since nothing can ever be truly created by conservative, non-creative processes (from nothing comes nothing).
2nd Law: The amount of energy available for work is running out, or entropy is increasing to a maximum. All processes tend toward a state of decay and ultimate death. Eventually, if present processes continue, the universe will die. The universe is not creating itself in the present, but must have been created in the past by a great First Cause, and that Cause must have been a person.
Since we know the total amount of mass-energy is limited, and the amount of usable energy is decreasing, then the universe cannot have existed forever, otherwise it would already have exhausted all usable energy. For example, all radioactive atoms would have decayed, every part of the universe would be the same temperature, and no further work would be possible. So the obvious corollary is that the universe began a finite time ago with a lot of usable energy, and is now running down.
It is self-evident that things that begin have a cause no one really denies it in his heart. All science and history would collapse if this law of cause and effect were denied. Imagine if the US government didnt think they needed to find a cause for the 9-11 terrorist attack (the effect), or the cause of the Oklahoma City bombing (the effect)? Also, the universe cannot be self-caused as nothing can create itself, because that would mean that it existed before it came into existence, which is a logical absurdity.
The universe, which includes all matter and space and therefore time itself, can be shown to have had a beginning. It is unreasonable to believe something could begin to exist without a cause. The universe therefore requires a cause, just as Genesis 1:1 and Romans 1:20 teach. God, as creator of time, is outside of time. Since therefore He has no beginning in time, He has always existed, so doesn't need a cause.
So how can we check our argument to see that it is logical? First, it is important to understand that a valid argument is one where it is impossible for the premises to be true and the conclusion false. Note that validity does not depend on the truth of the premises, but on the form of the argument. The argument I have proposed here is valid, as it is of the same form as: All men have backbones; Albert Einstein is a man, therefore Albert Einstein has a backbone. So the only hope for the skeptic is to dispute one or both of the premises.
Second, are the premises true? Well, we know that men have backbones and we do know Albert Einstein was a man so the answer, as it applies to this particular argument, is yes, the premises are true.
In conclusion, it is important to maintain a perspective as to what time itself is. In addition, it is equally important to recognize that we, as part of the creation model, our governed by time, matter, and space. So anything within the created universe is subjected to those laws. Our creator God is not confined to these laws as He is their creator. Simply put, God has no beginning and He has no end.
References:
Novikov, I.D. and Zeldovich, Ya. B., 1973. Physical Processes Near Cosmological Singularities. Annual Review of Astronomy and Astrophysics 11:4012.
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